refactor(v2/providers): self-registration barrel + host container-config registry

Providers now mirror the channels pattern: each module calls
registerProvider() at top level, and providers/index.ts is a barrel of
side-effect imports. createProvider() becomes a thin registry lookup;
the closed ProviderName union is gone (now a string alias, since the
env var is a runtime string anyway).

Also adds a host-side provider-container-registry so providers can
declare their own mounts and env passthrough in src/providers/<name>.ts
instead of the container-runner having to know about each one. The
resolver runs once per spawn and threads provider + contribution
through buildMounts and buildContainerArgs so side effects (mkdir,
etc.) fire exactly once.

Both barrels are append-only — adding a new provider is a new file
+ one import line per barrel, no edits to existing files. The built-in
providers (claude, mock) don't need host-side config, so src/providers/
ships with an empty barrel; the container-side barrel imports both.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

container/agent-runner/src/providers/claude.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import path from 'path';
 
 import { query as sdkQuery, type HookCallback, type PreCompactHookInput } from '@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk';
 
+import { registerProvider } from './provider-registry.js';
 import type { AgentProvider, AgentQuery, McpServerConfig, ProviderEvent, ProviderOptions, QueryInput } from './types.js';
 
 function log(msg: string): void {
@@ -271,3 +272,5 @@ export class ClaudeProvider implements AgentProvider {
     };
   }
 }
+
+registerProvider('claude', (opts) => new ClaudeProvider(opts));