diff --git a/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/SKILL.md b/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+---
+name: add-dashboard
+description: Add a monitoring dashboard to NanoClaw v2. Installs @nanoco/nanoclaw-dashboard and a pusher that sends periodic JSON snapshots.
+---
+
+# /add-dashboard — NanoClaw Dashboard
+
+Adds a local monitoring dashboard showing agent groups, sessions, channels, users, token usage, context windows, message activity, and real-time logs.
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+NanoClaw (pusher)              Dashboard (npm package)
+┌──────────┐    POST JSON      ┌──────────────┐
+│ collects │ ────────────────→ │ /api/ingest  │
+│ DB data  │   every 60s       │ in-memory    │
+│ tails    │ ────────────────→ │ /api/logs/   │
+│ log file │   every 2s        │   push       │
+└──────────┘                   │ serves UI    │
+                               └──────────────┘
+```
+
+## Steps
+
+### 1. Install the npm package
+
+```bash
+npm install @nanoco/nanoclaw-dashboard
+```
+
+### 2. Copy the pusher module
+
+Copy the resource file into src:
+
+```
+.claude/skills/add-dashboard/resources/dashboard-pusher.ts → src/dashboard-pusher.ts
+```
+
+### 3. Add exports to src/db/index.ts
+
+Add these two export blocks if not already present:
+
+```typescript
+// After the messaging-groups exports, add:
+export {
+  getMessagingGroupsByAgentGroup,
+} from './messaging-groups.js';
+
+// Before the credentials exports, add:
+export {
+  createDestination,
+  getDestinations,
+  getDestinationByName,
+  getDestinationByTarget,
+  hasDestination,
+  deleteDestination,
+} from './agent-destinations.js';
+```
+
+### 4. Wire into src/index.ts
+
+Add the `readEnvFile` import at the top if not already present:
+
+```typescript
+import { readEnvFile } from './env.js';
+```
+
+Add after step 7 (OneCLI approval handler), before the `log.info('NanoClaw v2 running')` line:
+
+```typescript
+  // 8. Dashboard (optional)
+  const dashboardEnv = readEnvFile(['DASHBOARD_SECRET', 'DASHBOARD_PORT']);
+  const dashboardSecret = process.env.DASHBOARD_SECRET || dashboardEnv.DASHBOARD_SECRET;
+  const dashboardPort = parseInt(process.env.DASHBOARD_PORT || dashboardEnv.DASHBOARD_PORT || '3100', 10);
+  if (dashboardSecret) {
+    const { startDashboard } = await import('@nanoco/nanoclaw-dashboard');
+    const { startDashboardPusher } = await import('./dashboard-pusher.js');
+    startDashboard({ port: dashboardPort, secret: dashboardSecret });
+    startDashboardPusher({ port: dashboardPort, secret: dashboardSecret, intervalMs: 60000 });
+  } else {
+    log.info('Dashboard disabled (no DASHBOARD_SECRET)');
+  }
+```
+
+### 5. Add environment variables to .env
+
+```
+DASHBOARD_SECRET=<generate-a-random-secret>
+DASHBOARD_PORT=3100
+```
+
+Generate the secret: `node -e "console.log('nc-' + require('crypto').randomBytes(16).toString('hex'))"`
+
+### 6. Build and restart
+
+```bash
+npm run build
+systemctl --user restart nanoclaw   # Linux
+# or: launchctl kickstart -k gui/$(id -u)/com.nanoclaw  # macOS
+```
+
+### 7. Verify
+
+```bash
+curl -s http://localhost:3100/api/status
+curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer <secret>" http://localhost:3100/api/overview
+```
+
+Open `http://localhost:3100/dashboard` in a browser.
+
+## Dashboard Pages
+
+| Page | Shows |
+|------|-------|
+| Overview | Stats, token usage + cache hit rate, context windows, activity chart |
+| Agent Groups | Sessions, wirings, destinations, members, admins |
+| Sessions | Status, container state, context window usage bars |
+| Channels | Live/offline status, messaging groups, sender policies |
+| Messages | Per-session inbound/outbound messages |
+| Users | Privilege hierarchy: owner > admin > member |
+| Logs | Real-time log streaming with level filter |
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+- **"No data yet"**: Wait 60s for first push, or check logs for push errors
+- **401 errors**: Verify `DASHBOARD_SECRET` matches in `.env`
+- **Port conflict**: Change `DASHBOARD_PORT` in `.env`
+- **No logs**: Check `logs/nanoclaw.log` exists
+
+## Removal
+
+```bash
+npm uninstall @nanoco/nanoclaw-dashboard
+rm src/dashboard-pusher.ts
+# Remove the dashboard block from src/index.ts
+# Remove DASHBOARD_SECRET and DASHBOARD_PORT from .env
+npm run build
+```
diff --git a/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/resources/dashboard-pusher.ts b/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/resources/dashboard-pusher.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e1cc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.claude/skills/add-dashboard/resources/dashboard-pusher.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+/**
+ * Dashboard pusher — collects NanoClaw state and POSTs a JSON
+ * snapshot to the dashboard's /api/ingest endpoint every interval.
+ */
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import http from 'http';
+import Database from 'better-sqlite3';
+
+import { getAllAgentGroups, getAgentGroup } from './db/agent-groups.js';
+import { getSessionsByAgentGroup } from './db/sessions.js';
+import { getAllMessagingGroups, getMessagingGroupAgents } from './db/messaging-groups.js';
+import { getDestinations } from './db/agent-destinations.js';
+import { getMembers } from './db/agent-group-members.js';
+import { getAllUsers, getUser } from './db/users.js';
+import { getUserRoles, getAdminsOfAgentGroup } from './db/user-roles.js';
+import { getUserDmsForUser } from './db/user-dms.js';
+import { getActiveAdapters, getRegisteredChannelNames } from './channels/channel-registry.js';
+import { DATA_DIR, ASSISTANT_NAME } from './config.js';
+import { getDb } from './db/connection.js';
+import { log } from './log.js';
+
+interface PusherConfig {
+  port: number;
+  secret: string;
+  intervalMs?: number;
+}
+
+let timer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+let logTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+let logOffset = 0;
+
+export function startDashboardPusher(config: PusherConfig): void {
+  const interval = config.intervalMs || 60000;
+
+  // Push immediately on start, then on interval
+  push(config).catch((err) => log.error('Dashboard push failed', { err }));
+  timer = setInterval(() => {
+    push(config).catch((err) => log.error('Dashboard push failed', { err }));
+  }, interval);
+
+  // Start log file tailing
+  startLogTail(config);
+
+  log.info('Dashboard pusher started', { intervalMs: interval });
+}
+
+export function stopDashboardPusher(): void {
+  if (timer) {
+    clearInterval(timer);
+    timer = null;
+  }
+  if (logTimer) {
+    clearInterval(logTimer);
+    logTimer = null;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Fire-and-forget POST to the dashboard. */
+function postJson(config: PusherConfig, urlPath: string, data: unknown): void {
+  const body = JSON.stringify(data);
+  const req = http.request({
+    hostname: '127.0.0.1',
+    port: config.port,
+    path: urlPath,
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(body),
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${config.secret}`,
+    },
+  });
+  req.on('error', () => {});
+  req.write(body);
+  req.end();
+}
+
+const ANSI_RE = /\x1b\[[0-9;]*m/g;
+
+function startLogTail(config: PusherConfig): void {
+  const logFile = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'logs', 'nanoclaw.log');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(logFile)) return;
+
+  // Send last 200 lines as backfill
+  try {
+    const allLines = fs.readFileSync(logFile, 'utf-8').split('\n').filter((l) => l.trim());
+    logOffset = fs.statSync(logFile).size;
+    const tail = allLines.slice(-200).map((l) => l.replace(ANSI_RE, ''));
+    if (tail.length > 0) postJson(config, '/api/logs/push', { lines: tail });
+  } catch { return; }
+
+  // Poll every 2s for new lines
+  logTimer = setInterval(() => {
+    try {
+      const stat = fs.statSync(logFile);
+      if (stat.size <= logOffset) { logOffset = stat.size; return; }
+      const buf = Buffer.alloc(stat.size - logOffset);
+      const fd = fs.openSync(logFile, 'r');
+      fs.readSync(fd, buf, 0, buf.length, logOffset);
+      fs.closeSync(fd);
+      logOffset = stat.size;
+      const lines = buf.toString().split('\n').filter((l) => l.trim()).map((l) => l.replace(ANSI_RE, ''));
+      if (lines.length > 0) postJson(config, '/api/logs/push', { lines });
+    } catch { /* ignore */ }
+  }, 2000);
+}
+
+async function push(config: PusherConfig): Promise<void> {
+  const snapshot = collectSnapshot();
+  postJson(config, '/api/ingest', snapshot);
+  log.debug('Dashboard snapshot pushed');
+}
+
+function collectSnapshot(): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return {
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    assistant_name: ASSISTANT_NAME,
+    uptime: Math.floor(process.uptime()),
+    agent_groups: collectAgentGroups(),
+    sessions: collectSessions(),
+    channels: collectChannels(),
+    users: collectUsers(),
+    tokens: collectTokens(),
+    context_windows: collectContextWindows(),
+    activity: collectActivity(),
+    messages: collectMessages(),
+  };
+}
+
+function collectAgentGroups() {
+  return getAllAgentGroups().map((g) => {
+    const sessions = getSessionsByAgentGroup(g.id);
+    const running = sessions.filter((s) => s.container_status === 'running' || s.container_status === 'idle');
+    const destinations = getDestinations(g.id);
+    const members = getMembers(g.id).map((m) => {
+      const user = getUser(m.user_id);
+      return { ...m, display_name: user?.display_name ?? null };
+    });
+    const admins = getAdminsOfAgentGroup(g.id).map((a) => {
+      const user = getUser(a.user_id);
+      return { ...a, display_name: user?.display_name ?? null };
+    });
+
+    // Wirings
+    const db = getDb();
+    const wirings = db
+      .prepare(
+        `SELECT mga.*, mg.channel_type, mg.platform_id, mg.name as mg_name, mg.is_group, mg.unknown_sender_policy
+         FROM messaging_group_agents mga
+         JOIN messaging_groups mg ON mg.id = mga.messaging_group_id
+         WHERE mga.agent_group_id = ?`,
+      )
+      .all(g.id) as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+
+    return {
+      id: g.id,
+      name: g.name,
+      folder: g.folder,
+      agent_provider: g.agent_provider,
+      container_config: g.container_config ? JSON.parse(g.container_config) : null,
+      sessionCount: sessions.length,
+      runningSessions: running.length,
+      wirings,
+      destinations,
+      members,
+      admins,
+      created_at: g.created_at,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function collectSessions() {
+  const db = getDb();
+  return db
+    .prepare(
+      `SELECT s.*, ag.name as agent_group_name, ag.folder as agent_group_folder,
+              mg.channel_type, mg.platform_id, mg.name as messaging_group_name
+       FROM sessions s
+       LEFT JOIN agent_groups ag ON ag.id = s.agent_group_id
+       LEFT JOIN messaging_groups mg ON mg.id = s.messaging_group_id
+       ORDER BY s.last_active DESC NULLS LAST`,
+    )
+    .all() as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+}
+
+function collectChannels() {
+  const messagingGroups = getAllMessagingGroups();
+  const liveAdapters = getActiveAdapters().map((a) => a.channelType);
+  const registeredChannels = getRegisteredChannelNames();
+
+  const byType: Record<string, { channelType: string; isLive: boolean; isRegistered: boolean; groups: unknown[] }> = {};
+
+  for (const mg of messagingGroups) {
+    if (!byType[mg.channel_type]) {
+      byType[mg.channel_type] = {
+        channelType: mg.channel_type,
+        isLive: liveAdapters.includes(mg.channel_type),
+        isRegistered: registeredChannels.includes(mg.channel_type),
+        groups: [],
+      };
+    }
+
+    const agents = getMessagingGroupAgents(mg.id).map((a) => {
+      const group = getAgentGroup(a.agent_group_id);
+      return { agent_group_id: a.agent_group_id, agent_group_name: group?.name ?? null, priority: a.priority };
+    });
+
+    byType[mg.channel_type].groups.push({
+      messagingGroup: {
+        id: mg.id,
+        platform_id: mg.platform_id,
+        name: mg.name,
+        is_group: mg.is_group,
+        unknown_sender_policy: (mg as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).unknown_sender_policy ?? 'strict',
+      },
+      agents,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Include live adapters with no messaging groups
+  for (const ct of liveAdapters) {
+    if (!byType[ct]) {
+      byType[ct] = { channelType: ct, isLive: true, isRegistered: true, groups: [] };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Object.values(byType).sort((a, b) => a.channelType.localeCompare(b.channelType));
+}
+
+function collectUsers() {
+  return getAllUsers().map((u) => {
+    const roles = getUserRoles(u.id);
+    const dms = getUserDmsForUser(u.id);
+
+    const db = getDb();
+    const memberships = db
+      .prepare(
+        `SELECT agm.agent_group_id, ag.name as agent_group_name
+         FROM agent_group_members agm
+         JOIN agent_groups ag ON ag.id = agm.agent_group_id
+         WHERE agm.user_id = ?`,
+      )
+      .all(u.id) as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+
+    let privilege = 'none';
+    if (roles.some((r) => r.role === 'owner')) privilege = 'owner';
+    else if (roles.some((r) => r.role === 'admin' && !r.agent_group_id)) privilege = 'global_admin';
+    else if (roles.some((r) => r.role === 'admin')) privilege = 'admin';
+    else if (memberships.length > 0) privilege = 'member';
+
+    return {
+      id: u.id,
+      kind: u.kind,
+      display_name: u.display_name,
+      privilege,
+      roles,
+      memberships,
+      dmChannels: dms.map((d) => ({ channel_type: d.channel_type })),
+      created_at: u.created_at,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function collectTokens() {
+  const sessionsDir = path.join(DATA_DIR, 'v2-sessions');
+  const allEntries: Array<{ model: string; inputTokens: number; outputTokens: number; cacheReadTokens: number; cacheCreationTokens: number; agentGroupId: string }> = [];
+  const agentGroups = getAllAgentGroups();
+  const nameMap = new Map(agentGroups.map((g) => [g.id, g.name]));
+
+  if (fs.existsSync(sessionsDir)) {
+    for (const agDir of fs.readdirSync(sessionsDir).filter((d) => d.startsWith('ag-'))) {
+      const entries = scanJsonlTokens(path.join(sessionsDir, agDir));
+      allEntries.push(...entries.map((e) => ({ ...e, agentGroupId: agDir })));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const byModel: Record<string, { requests: number; inputTokens: number; outputTokens: number; cacheReadTokens: number; cacheCreationTokens: number }> = {};
+  const byGroup: Record<string, { requests: number; inputTokens: number; outputTokens: number; cacheReadTokens: number; cacheCreationTokens: number; name: string }> = {};
+  const totals = { requests: 0, inputTokens: 0, outputTokens: 0, cacheReadTokens: 0, cacheCreationTokens: 0 };
+
+  for (const e of allEntries) {
+    if (!byModel[e.model]) byModel[e.model] = { requests: 0, inputTokens: 0, outputTokens: 0, cacheReadTokens: 0, cacheCreationTokens: 0 };
+    byModel[e.model].requests++;
+    byModel[e.model].inputTokens += e.inputTokens;
+    byModel[e.model].outputTokens += e.outputTokens;
+    byModel[e.model].cacheReadTokens += e.cacheReadTokens;
+    byModel[e.model].cacheCreationTokens += e.cacheCreationTokens;
+
+    if (!byGroup[e.agentGroupId]) byGroup[e.agentGroupId] = { requests: 0, inputTokens: 0, outputTokens: 0, cacheReadTokens: 0, cacheCreationTokens: 0, name: nameMap.get(e.agentGroupId) || e.agentGroupId };
+    byGroup[e.agentGroupId].requests++;
+    byGroup[e.agentGroupId].inputTokens += e.inputTokens;
+    byGroup[e.agentGroupId].outputTokens += e.outputTokens;
+    byGroup[e.agentGroupId].cacheReadTokens += e.cacheReadTokens;
+    byGroup[e.agentGroupId].cacheCreationTokens += e.cacheCreationTokens;
+
+    totals.requests++;
+    totals.inputTokens += e.inputTokens;
+    totals.outputTokens += e.outputTokens;
+    totals.cacheReadTokens += e.cacheReadTokens;
+    totals.cacheCreationTokens += e.cacheCreationTokens;
+  }
+
+  return { totals, byModel, byGroup };
+}
+
+function scanJsonlTokens(agentDir: string) {
+  const claudeDir = path.join(agentDir, '.claude-shared', 'projects');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(claudeDir)) return [];
+
+  const entries: Array<{ model: string; inputTokens: number; outputTokens: number; cacheReadTokens: number; cacheCreationTokens: number }> = [];
+
+  const walk = (dir: string): void => {
+    try {
+      for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+        const full = path.join(dir, entry.name);
+        if (entry.isDirectory()) walk(full);
+        else if (entry.name.endsWith('.jsonl')) {
+          try {
+            for (const line of fs.readFileSync(full, 'utf-8').split('\n')) {
+              if (!line.trim()) continue;
+              try {
+                const r = JSON.parse(line);
+                if (r.type === 'assistant' && r.message?.usage) {
+                  const u = r.message.usage;
+                  entries.push({
+                    model: r.message.model || 'unknown',
+                    inputTokens: u.input_tokens || 0,
+                    outputTokens: u.output_tokens || 0,
+                    cacheReadTokens: u.cache_read_input_tokens || 0,
+                    cacheCreationTokens: u.cache_creation_input_tokens || 0,
+                  });
+                }
+              } catch { /* skip line */ }
+            }
+          } catch { /* skip file */ }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch { /* skip dir */ }
+  };
+  walk(claudeDir);
+  return entries;
+}
+
+function collectContextWindows() {
+  const sessionsDir = path.join(DATA_DIR, 'v2-sessions');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(sessionsDir)) return [];
+
+  const results: unknown[] = [];
+  const agentGroups = getAllAgentGroups();
+  const nameMap = new Map(agentGroups.map((g) => [g.id, g.name]));
+
+  for (const agDir of fs.readdirSync(sessionsDir).filter((d) => d.startsWith('ag-'))) {
+    const claudeDir = path.join(sessionsDir, agDir, '.claude-shared', 'projects');
+    if (!fs.existsSync(claudeDir)) continue;
+
+    // Find most recent JSONL
+    const jsonlFiles: string[] = [];
+    const walk = (dir: string): void => {
+      try {
+        for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+          const full = path.join(dir, entry.name);
+          if (entry.isDirectory()) walk(full);
+          else if (entry.name.endsWith('.jsonl')) jsonlFiles.push(full);
+        }
+      } catch { /* skip */ }
+    };
+    walk(claudeDir);
+    if (jsonlFiles.length === 0) continue;
+
+    jsonlFiles.sort((a, b) => {
+      try { return fs.statSync(b).mtimeMs - fs.statSync(a).mtimeMs; } catch { return 0; }
+    });
+
+    // Read last assistant turn from newest file
+    const content = fs.readFileSync(jsonlFiles[0], 'utf-8');
+    const lines = content.split('\n');
+    for (let i = lines.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      if (!lines[i].trim()) continue;
+      try {
+        const r = JSON.parse(lines[i]);
+        if (r.type === 'assistant' && r.message?.usage) {
+          const u = r.message.usage;
+          const model = r.message.model || 'unknown';
+          const ctx = (u.input_tokens || 0) + (u.cache_read_input_tokens || 0) + (u.cache_creation_input_tokens || 0);
+          const max = 200000;
+          results.push({
+            agentGroupId: agDir,
+            agentGroupName: nameMap.get(agDir),
+            sessionId: path.basename(jsonlFiles[0], '.jsonl'),
+            model,
+            contextTokens: ctx,
+            outputTokens: u.output_tokens || 0,
+            cacheReadTokens: u.cache_read_input_tokens || 0,
+            cacheCreationTokens: u.cache_creation_input_tokens || 0,
+            maxContext: max,
+            usagePercent: max > 0 ? Math.round((ctx / max) * 100) : 0,
+            timestamp: r.timestamp || '',
+          });
+          break;
+        }
+      } catch { /* skip */ }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
+function collectActivity() {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const buckets: Record<string, { inbound: number; outbound: number }> = {};
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
+    const key = new Date(now - i * 3600000).toISOString().slice(0, 13);
+    buckets[key] = { inbound: 0, outbound: 0 };
+  }
+
+  const sessionsDir = path.join(DATA_DIR, 'v2-sessions');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(sessionsDir)) return toBucketArray(buckets);
+
+  const cutoff = new Date(now - 86400000).toISOString();
+
+  try {
+    for (const agDir of fs.readdirSync(sessionsDir).filter((d) => d.startsWith('ag-'))) {
+      const agPath = path.join(sessionsDir, agDir);
+      for (const sessDir of fs.readdirSync(agPath).filter((d) => d.startsWith('sess-'))) {
+        for (const [dbName, direction] of [['outbound.db', 'outbound'], ['inbound.db', 'inbound']] as const) {
+          const dbPath = path.join(agPath, sessDir, dbName);
+          if (!fs.existsSync(dbPath)) continue;
+          try {
+            const db = new Database(dbPath, { readonly: true });
+            const table = direction === 'outbound' ? 'messages_out' : 'messages_in';
+            const rows = db.prepare(`SELECT timestamp FROM ${table} WHERE timestamp > ?`).all(cutoff) as { timestamp: string }[];
+            for (const row of rows) {
+              const key = row.timestamp.slice(0, 13);
+              if (buckets[key]) buckets[key][direction]++;
+            }
+            db.close();
+          } catch { /* skip */ }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch { /* skip */ }
+
+  return toBucketArray(buckets);
+}
+
+function toBucketArray(buckets: Record<string, { inbound: number; outbound: number }>) {
+  return Object.entries(buckets)
+    .map(([hour, counts]) => ({ hour, ...counts }))
+    .sort((a, b) => a.hour.localeCompare(b.hour));
+}
+
+function collectMessages() {
+  const sessionsDir = path.join(DATA_DIR, 'v2-sessions');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(sessionsDir)) return [];
+
+  const results: Array<{ agentGroupId: string; sessionId: string; inbound: unknown[]; outbound: unknown[] }> = [];
+  const limit = 50;
+
+  try {
+    for (const agDir of fs.readdirSync(sessionsDir).filter((d) => d.startsWith('ag-'))) {
+      const agPath = path.join(sessionsDir, agDir);
+      for (const sessDir of fs.readdirSync(agPath).filter((d) => d.startsWith('sess-'))) {
+        const inbound: unknown[] = [];
+        const outbound: unknown[] = [];
+
+        const inDbPath = path.join(agPath, sessDir, 'inbound.db');
+        if (fs.existsSync(inDbPath)) {
+          try {
+            const db = new Database(inDbPath, { readonly: true });
+            const rows = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM messages_in ORDER BY seq DESC LIMIT ?').all(limit);
+            inbound.push(...(rows as unknown[]).reverse());
+            db.close();
+          } catch { /* skip */ }
+        }
+
+        const outDbPath = path.join(agPath, sessDir, 'outbound.db');
+        if (fs.existsSync(outDbPath)) {
+          try {
+            const db = new Database(outDbPath, { readonly: true });
+            const rows = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM messages_out ORDER BY seq DESC LIMIT ?').all(limit);
+            outbound.push(...(rows as unknown[]).reverse());
+            db.close();
+          } catch { /* skip */ }
+        }
+
+        if (inbound.length > 0 || outbound.length > 0) {
+          results.push({ agentGroupId: agDir, sessionId: sessDir, inbound, outbound });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch { /* skip */ }
+
+  return results;
+}