docs: reorganize docs into guide/ and electron/, add 6 new guide docs, update README

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# Electron 镜像源配置指南
## 问题描述
打包 Electron 应用时,如果未开启翻墙,会出现 "fetch failed" 错误,这是因为 Electron 和相关工具需要从国外的 GitHub releases 下载二进制文件。
## 解决方案
### 方案 1使用 npm 配置(推荐)
#### 1.1 全局配置
在项目根目录创建 `.npmrc` 文件:
```ini
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
#### 1.2 Electron 目录配置
`electron/` 目录创建 `.npmrc` 文件:
```ini
electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
```
### 方案 2使用环境变量已配置
#### 2.1 Windows
`electron/package.json` 中已经配置:
```json
{
"scripts": {
"pack:win": "cross-env ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/ ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/ node ../scripts/prepare-electron.cjs && npx @electron/packager . MyGame --platform=win32 --arch=x64 --out=../release --overwrite"
}
}
```
#### 2.2 Mac/Linux
```bash
export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
### 方案 3使用批处理脚本
#### Windows
使用 `scripts/pack-win.bat`
```batch
@echo off
set ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
set ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
call npm run pack:win
```
#### Mac/Linux
使用 `scripts/pack-mac.sh`
```bash
#!/bin/bash
export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
npm run pack:mac
```
### 方案 4使用系统环境变量
#### Windows
```powershell
# 临时设置(当前会话)
set ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
set ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
# 永久设置
setx ELECTRON_MIRROR https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
setx ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
#### Mac/Linux
```bash
# 临时设置(当前会话)
export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
# 永久设置(添加到 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc
echo 'export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
```
## 验证配置
### 检查 npm 配置
```bash
npm config get electron_mirror
npm config get electron_builder_binaries_mirror
```
应该输出:
```
https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
### 检查环境变量
#### Windows
```cmd
echo %ELECTRON_MIRROR%
echo %ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR%
```
#### Mac/Linux
```bash
echo $ELECTRON_MIRROR
echo $ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR
```
## 可用的镜像源
### 淘宝镜像(推荐)
```ini
electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
### 华为云镜像
```ini
electron_mirror=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/electron/
electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/electron-builder-binaries/
```
### 腾讯云镜像
```ini
electron_mirror=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/npm/electron/
```
## 常见问题
### Q1: 配置后仍然失败
**A:** 检查以下几点:
1. 确认配置已生效
2. 清除 npm 缓存:`npm cache clean --force`
3. 删除 node_modules 重新安装:`rm -rf node_modules && npm install`
4. 检查网络连接
### Q2: 某些包仍然需要翻墙
**A:** 可能是其他依赖包的问题,可以:
1. 检查具体的错误信息
2. 使用 `.npmrc` 配置其他镜像源
3. 手动下载相关包
### Q3: 下载速度慢
**A:** 可以尝试:
1. 更换其他镜像源
2. 使用 CDN 加速
3. 使用代理
### Q4: 如何恢复默认配置
**A:** 删除或注释掉 `.npmrc` 中的相关配置:
```bash
npm config delete electron_mirror
npm config delete electron_builder_binaries_mirror
```
## 完整的打包流程
### 1. 首次配置
```bash
# 安装依赖
npm install
cd electron
npm install
# 配置镜像源(已在 .npmrc 中配置)
# 无需额外操作
```
### 2. 日常打包
```bash
# Windows
npm run pack:win
# Mac
npm run pack:mac
```
### 3. 故障排查
如果打包失败:
```bash
# 1. 检查配置
npm config get electron_mirror
# 2. 清除缓存
npm cache clean --force
# 3. 重新安装依赖
cd electron
rm -rf node_modules
npm install
# 4. 重新打包
npm run pack:win
```
## 其他工具的镜像配置
### yarn
```bash
yarn config set electron_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
yarn config set electron_builder_binaries_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
### pnpm
```bash
pnpm config set electron_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
pnpm config set electron_builder_binaries_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
```
## 性能优化
### 1. 使用缓存
Electron 下载的二进制文件会被缓存,后续打包会更快:
```bash
# 查看缓存位置
npm config get cache
# Windows: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache
# Mac: ~/.npm
# Linux: ~/.npm
```
### 2. 离线模式
如果已经下载过 Electron可以设置离线模式
```bash
export ELECTRON_BUILDER_CACHE=~/.electron
```
## 总结
通过配置镜像源,你可以在不翻墙的情况下成功打包 Electron 应用。推荐使用:
1. **`.npmrc` 配置** - 最简单,一次配置永久生效
2. **环境变量** - 灵活,可以针对不同项目配置
3. **批处理脚本** - 方便,可以一键打包
现在你可以愉快地打包 Electron 应用了!🎉