285 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
285 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Electron 镜像源配置指南
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## 问题描述
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打包 Electron 应用时，如果未开启翻墙，会出现 "fetch failed" 错误，这是因为 Electron 和相关工具需要从国外的 GitHub releases 下载二进制文件。
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## 解决方案
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### 方案 1：使用 npm 配置（推荐）
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#### 1.1 全局配置
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在项目根目录创建 `.npmrc` 文件：
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```ini
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registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
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electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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#### 1.2 Electron 目录配置
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在 `electron/` 目录创建 `.npmrc` 文件：
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```ini
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electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
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```
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### 方案 2：使用环境变量（已配置）
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#### 2.1 Windows
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在 `electron/package.json` 中已经配置：
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```json
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{
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"scripts": {
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"pack:win": "cross-env ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/ ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/ node ../scripts/prepare-electron.cjs && npx @electron/packager . MyGame --platform=win32 --arch=x64 --out=../release --overwrite"
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}
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}
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```
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#### 2.2 Mac/Linux
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```bash
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export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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### 方案 3：使用批处理脚本
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#### Windows
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使用 `scripts/pack-win.bat`：
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```batch
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@echo off
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set ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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set ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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call npm run pack:win
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```
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#### Mac/Linux
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使用 `scripts/pack-mac.sh`：
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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npm run pack:mac
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```
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### 方案 4：使用系统环境变量
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#### Windows
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```powershell
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# 临时设置（当前会话）
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set ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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set ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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# 永久设置
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setx ELECTRON_MIRROR https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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setx ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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#### Mac/Linux
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```bash
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# 临时设置（当前会话）
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export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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# 永久设置（添加到 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc）
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echo 'export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/' >> ~/.bashrc
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echo 'export ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/' >> ~/.bashrc
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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## 验证配置
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### 检查 npm 配置
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```bash
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npm config get electron_mirror
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npm config get electron_builder_binaries_mirror
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```
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应该输出：
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```
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https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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### 检查环境变量
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#### Windows
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```cmd
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echo %ELECTRON_MIRROR%
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echo %ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR%
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```
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#### Mac/Linux
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```bash
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echo $ELECTRON_MIRROR
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echo $ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR
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```
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## 可用的镜像源
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### 淘宝镜像（推荐）
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```ini
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electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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### 华为云镜像
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```ini
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electron_mirror=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/electron/
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electron_builder_binaries_mirror=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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### 腾讯云镜像
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```ini
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electron_mirror=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/npm/electron/
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```
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## 常见问题
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### Q1: 配置后仍然失败
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**A:** 检查以下几点：
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1. 确认配置已生效
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2. 清除 npm 缓存：`npm cache clean --force`
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3. 删除 node_modules 重新安装：`rm -rf node_modules && npm install`
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4. 检查网络连接
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### Q2: 某些包仍然需要翻墙
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**A:** 可能是其他依赖包的问题，可以：
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1. 检查具体的错误信息
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2. 使用 `.npmrc` 配置其他镜像源
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3. 手动下载相关包
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### Q3: 下载速度慢
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**A:** 可以尝试：
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1. 更换其他镜像源
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2. 使用 CDN 加速
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3. 使用代理
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### Q4: 如何恢复默认配置
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**A:** 删除或注释掉 `.npmrc` 中的相关配置：
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```bash
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npm config delete electron_mirror
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npm config delete electron_builder_binaries_mirror
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```
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## 完整的打包流程
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### 1. 首次配置
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```bash
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# 安装依赖
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npm install
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cd electron
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npm install
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# 配置镜像源（已在 .npmrc 中配置）
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# 无需额外操作
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```
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### 2. 日常打包
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```bash
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# Windows
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npm run pack:win
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# Mac
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npm run pack:mac
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```
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### 3. 故障排查
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如果打包失败：
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```bash
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# 1. 检查配置
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npm config get electron_mirror
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# 2. 清除缓存
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npm cache clean --force
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# 3. 重新安装依赖
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cd electron
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rm -rf node_modules
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npm install
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# 4. 重新打包
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npm run pack:win
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```
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## 其他工具的镜像配置
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### yarn
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```bash
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yarn config set electron_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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yarn config set electron_builder_binaries_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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### pnpm
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```bash
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pnpm config set electron_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
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pnpm config set electron_builder_binaries_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/
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```
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## 性能优化
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### 1. 使用缓存
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Electron 下载的二进制文件会被缓存，后续打包会更快：
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```bash
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# 查看缓存位置
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npm config get cache
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# Windows: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache
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# Mac: ~/.npm
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# Linux: ~/.npm
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```
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### 2. 离线模式
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如果已经下载过 Electron，可以设置离线模式：
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```bash
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export ELECTRON_BUILDER_CACHE=~/.electron
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```
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## 总结
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通过配置镜像源，你可以在不翻墙的情况下成功打包 Electron 应用。推荐使用：
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1. **`.npmrc` 配置** - 最简单，一次配置永久生效
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2. **环境变量** - 灵活，可以针对不同项目配置
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3. **批处理脚本** - 方便，可以一键打包
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现在你可以愉快地打包 Electron 应用了！🎉
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